Metallic surface sheathing.



No. 7|7,080. Patnted Dec. so, 1902.

a. n. COLEMANQ METALLIC SURFACE SHEATHING.

(Application filed. Jan. 9, 1901.)

(No Model.)

UNITED STATES GEORGE NEW JERSEY.

I PATENT OFFICE."

COLEMAN, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO THE COLEMAN SHIP AND PILECOPPERING COMPANY, OF EAST NEW JERSEY, AND BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS,

ORANGE, A CORPORATION OF METALLIC'SURFACE SHEATHING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 717,080, dated December30, 1902.

Application filed JanuaryQ, 1901. Serial No. 42,601- (No model.) I

To all whom it mag concern.- I

Be it known that I, GEORGED. COLEMAN, a citizen of the United States,residing at Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of.Massachus'etts,have invented certain new and useful Improvements inMetallic Surface Sheathing; and I do hereby declare the following to bea full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as willenable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and usethe same. 7

The present invention relates to an improvement in metallic surfacesheathing.

In my application, Serial No. 40,544, I described and claimed a metallicsurface sheathing consisting of a continuous sheathing of metal attachedto the surface to be protected by a binding-layer of adhesive substance.The specific form of sheathing described in that application, in which ared lead and oil paint is used as the adhesive substance, "is notadapted to .protect surfaces exposed to liquids, gases, or vapors athigh temperature, because the heat would oxidize the oils of the paintand tend 'to impair or diminish its adhesive qualities.

The object of thepresent invention it to produce a metallic surfacesheathing which will resist high temperatures and adequately of sheetiron or steel and provided with so greatthat they are used protect thesurfaces to be covered from corrosion or the pollution or adulterationof the liquids, gases,: or vapors exposed thereto.

While my invention is susceptible of being used in any place or upon anysurface or structure exposed to the corroding action of liquid gases orvapors or the pollution 0r adulteration of such things by thedeterioration of the surface or structure, is especially useful for thelining of dye-vats and equally whether they 'be old or new. As .atpresent constructed new dye-vats are usually made a lining ofsheet-lead, which in the course of time wears away, leaving the iron tobe corroded by the liquors. Of course after the lead liniughas wornthrough the vats cannot be used for the more delicate dyes, but thefirst cost is until the sheet iron or steel is almost or quite corrodedtallic layer is my through and then they are replaced. By use of myimproved metallic surface sheathing after the lead lining of suchdye-vats is worn through a new lining may be provided in its place andthe same maybe replaced indefinitely.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating the preferred form of myinvention and a method of making the same, Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4illustrate diagrammatically the sheathing at difierent stages in itsprocess of making, and Fig. 5 illustrates diagrammatically the completedsheathing.

My invention consists of a' c0utinuous metallic layer mechanicallysecured to thesurface to be protected by a metallic binding-layer. (SeeFig. 5.) The outer layer of the sheathing may be of any metal or alloysuitable for the particular use to which it is to be put or anycombinations of "metals and alloys-such as lead andsolder,copperandsolder,or silverand solder. The outer layerwill'preferably consist of small pieces of metal or alloy united in acontinuous sheet by soldering; but it is not limited to any particularform of surface layer, nor where such small pieces of metal or alloy aresoldered into a continuous meinvention limited to the useof anyparticular kind of solder, as any metal or alloy capable of acting as asolder for the metal or alloy of the outer layer may be employed. Themetallic binding-layer for uniting the outer layer to the surface to becovered may be any suitable metal or alloy. I prefer to use lead, as itis soft, easily brought to the desired shape, by the small pieces ofmetal or alloy comprising the outer layer.

The preferred method of making my im-- proved metallic surface sheathingis as follows: The surfacel to be covered, if it is not already. roughanduneven, as a corroded piece of iron would be, is first roughened inany desired manner, such as by treating it with acid or heat or. bymechanically-roughening process in order to aiford irregularities andunevenness for the binding-layer to take hold of. I then apply to thesurface a coating of comminuted lead 2, the particles of which and iseasily penetrated have been covered with a slight amount of paint inorder toafford a temporary binder to hold theparticles of lead inposition until the subsequent processes are accomplished. (See Fig. 1.)This layer of comminuted lead is lightly rolled or hammered while thepaint is yet moist in order to press the particles of the mass intoclose contact with each other. The layer is, allowed to becomethoroughly dry, and then it is subjected to a severe hammering process,by means of which the particles of lead are firmly united together intoa binding'layer 3 and attached to the surface to be covered. (See Fig.2.) The presence of the small quantity of paint I have found to be noimpediment to this process. I then spread upon the surface a very thinlayer'of paint and apply to it a layer 4. of the comminuted metal oralloy of which the outer layer is to be composed, which adheres to thepaint and is temporarily su pported thereby. Then I apply still morefinely divided solder 5, which adheres to the paint in the intersticesbetween the larger particles of metal or alloy. (See Fig. 3.) Thispaint, with its layers of comminuted metal or alloy and solder, isallowed to become thoroughly dry, and then I hammer the particles ofmetal or alloy and solder into the binding-layer of lead. "(See Fig.4.)Any suitable paint maybe employed for this purpose which has a viscosityand adhesiveness sufficient to support the metal particles in place andwhich will not be so decomposed by the subsequent heating step of theprocess as to destroy the integrity of the structure. Thus the particlesof metal or alloy are securely and mechanically united to thebinding-layer. Then after coating the surface with soldering fluid I goover the entire surface with a hot soldering-iron, which melts thesolder and solders all the particles of metal or alloy into a continuousmetallic sheet,whichis firmlyan d mechanically bound to the surface tobecovered by the metallic binding-layer. (See Fig. 5.)

It is to be noted that my invention is not limited to any particularmethod of making my improved metallic sheathing, as the method of makingthe same does not comprise any part of my invention. It is also to benoted that while I have illustrated and described the preferred form ofmetallic surface sheathing embodying my invention my invention is notlimited thereto, as any form of sheathing having a continous surface ofmetal or alloy mechanically united to a surface to be covered-byametallic binding-layer is within the purview of my invention.

It will be observed that my improved metallic surface sheathing isprovided with a surface of metal which is so intimately connected withthe supporting structure that heat applied to the outer layer willbequickly conducted to the structure, whereby the inequalitiesofexpansion due to the varying temperatures of the parts will be assmall as possible, and,furthermore,that the sheathing is so stronglyunited to the supporting structure that it will not be separatedtherefrom by the sudden application of heat to its outer surface and theconsequent unequal expansion of the outer layerand that theheat-conductive binding-layer materially contributes to obviate thisdanger.

I am aware that it hasbeen proposed to galvanize iron by first applyinga coating of copper or tin or tin and lead and then a coating of zinc bydipping in the molten metals; that it has been proposed to copper ironby first applying a coating of zinc and then a coating of copper bydipping in the molten metals; that it has been proposed to tin or copperthe .iron by the use of powdered chlorid of zinc,

borax, or other suitable flux and metallic tinfoil or granulated copperand the application of suflicient heat to melt the tin or copper andheat the iron to redness, so as to fuse the covering metal to the iron,and that it has been proposed to copper iron by the successiveelectrodeposition of copper and the smoothing'of the outer surfacethereof. All such processes, however, result in a sheathing entirelydilferent from mine. First, all but the last of these processes producea sheathing which is fused to the metal to be covered. According to myinvention the sheathing is mechanically united to the metal. Second,

all but the last of these processes require the melting of the metalliccoating or the heating of the whole of the metal to be coated. Accordingto my invention the heat is locally applied and all the metallic coatingis never melted at one time and the metal to be coated is neversubstantially heated at all. Third, the last process requireselectroplating-baths and electricity. Fourth, all of the processescontemplate the fusing or electrodeposition of the metal coating or oneof its layers directly upon the metal to be covered.

, My invention contemplates the use of an intermediate metallic layerbetween the metal to be covered and the outer layer, which mechanicallyunites the two together. It will be apparent to those skilled in the artthat my sheathing can be employed in many places where the coatings ofthe prior art could not be used, because of the necessary steps in theproduction of those coatings which would for: bid their employment.My-sheathing is preferable to all thesepriorschemes by reason of itsease of application to the metal tobe covered in place, besides byreason of other advantages obviousto thoseskilled in the art.

. Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent of the United States 1. Themetallic surfacesheathing consisting of an outer layer of comminuted metal or alloy, theparticles of which are united together, and a "binding-layer of softnietal or alloy mechanically attached to the surface to be covered andmechanically attached to the layer of comminuted metal or alloy,substantially as described.

- 2. The metallic surface sheathing consisting of an outer layer ofcomminuted metal or alloy, the particles of which are united by beingsoldered together, and a binding-layer of soft metal, particles of theouter layer pene-. trating the binding-layerand mechanically unitingtheouter layer firmly to the bindinglayer, substantially as described.

3. The continuous metallic surface sheath-- ing consisting of an outerlayer of comminuted metal or alloy, and,a binding-layer of comminu-tedsoft metal or alloy mechanically uniting the outer layer firmly to thesurface to be covered, substantially as described.

4. ,The metallic surface sheathing consist ing of an outer layer ofcomminuted metal or alloy united into a continuous metallic sheet,

having particles thereof extended beyond the general level of the innersurface, and a bindlayer receiving the projecting particles of the outerlayer and securely holding said outer layer thereby, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE D. COLEMAN.

Witnesses:

ALFRED H. HILDRETH, BENJAMIN PHILLIPS.

